Kulephera Kwakale Kwambiri Padziko Lonse Lapansi: Maphunziro otetezedwa ku Chigwa cha Mafumu

Chifukwa cha tchuthi chakumapeto cha MasterCard (tili ndi 25 masiku!) Ndinatengaulendo wa sabata ziwiri kupita ku Egypt mwezi uno kukachezera malo omwe ndakhala ndikufuna kuwona: manda amanda a Farao wakale m'chigwa cha mafumu. Monga mainjiniya, Sindingathe kuthandiza kuyang'ana makondo awa ngati pulogalamu yachitetezo komanso ngati njira yochitira zinthu zomwe zingalepheretse nthawi.

Egypt yakale yomwe idatsala kale kuposa zikhalidwe zina zambiri zakale. Chifukwa chimodzi ndikuti Aiguputo, Makamaka mafumu awo, adayang'ana kwambiri imfa ndi moyo wambiri ndi matupi awo. Amakhulupirira kuti thupi liyenera kusungidwa (oganizidwa) Chifukwa chake mfumuyo itha kupitiliza kuyenda kwake ndikufa! Chifukwa Aigupto adapanga zochuluka kwambiri m'madzi ndi mungu, Zinthu zambiri zidapulumuka mpaka omenyera matope amakwawa atapeza ena mwa iwo.

Kuyang'ana mwachidule kumanda a Tutankhamanin (Kv62) zomwe zidapezeka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, zikuwonetsa zomwe zingaikidwe m'manda ena achifumu. Anali m'modzi mwa manda achifumu ochepa osalandidwa kwathunthu kale. Inali ndi mazana a golide ndi chuma china zambiri kuchokera 3,300 zaka zapitazo.

Mpando Wachifumu wa Tutanzamoni adapezeka m'manda 1922

Kuchokera pa Pyramidi yoonekeratu kumanda obisika

M'mabuku akale ndi apakati, Mafumu adamanga mapiramidi ngati maliro. Zipilalazi zinali zosavuta kuwona, zomwe zidawapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kukwaniritsa. Ngakhale amagwiritsa ntchito miyala ndi machenjera ena, Ambiri adabedwa. Osati pano, mu ufumu watsopano (za 3,500 zaka zapitazo) Mafarao adasamukira ku mtundu watsopano: chitetezo mwa kubisa. Adawona zomwe zidachitika ku mapiramidi a omwe adawalamulira, Chifukwa chake adasankha chigwa chakutali ku West Bank of Naile, pafupi ndi Lupi la Leror, ndi manda obisika m'thanthwe. Adamanga ndikupatula mudzi wantchito, Derir el-medina, kusunga malo ndi chinsinsi. Pafupifupi 500 zaka, Mudziwu adatulutsa manda a farao yatsopano.

Piramidi ya Djosider imawerengedwa piramidi yoyamba yomwe idamangidwa pafupifupi 4,700 zaka zapitazo.

Makoma awa anali ofunikira. Anthu akufa amafunikira thupi lawo louziridwa, zinthu, zopereka, ndi kumatitsogolera ngati buku la akufa kuti lifikire Osiris ndikukhalabe mu moyo. Ngati manda adabedwa, Sanali kutaya chuma kokha koma kunali kulephera kwa uzimu.

Zomwe ndidaziwona paulendo wanga

Ndidayendera pafupifupi makondo onse otseguka pagulu la mafumu, Chigwa cha Mfumukazi, ndi madinah. Chimodzi mwazosangalatsa ndikuti mutha kuwona zosankha zosiyanasiyana za mafumu osiyanasiyana. Ena anaika manda awo m'malo opezeka kwambiri, kubetcha pa zovuta zamkati ndi zokongoletsera. Ena, Monga Thutmose III, anasankha molimba, malo obisika. Koma pamapeto pake, Pafupifupi amanda onsewa adapezeka ndikubedwa nthawi yokhazikika yokhazikika ndi owukira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale opusa komanso maliro owopsa alepheranso kupangira chitetezo. Nayi chidziwitso changa chifukwa chake chitetezo chalephera komanso momwe zingakhalire bwino.

Chipinda chamaliro cha ma ramse chachitatu m'mbuyo.

Chifukwa Chomwe Anthu Odzitetezera alephera

• Chitetezo mwa kuwonekera chinali ulamuliro waukulu. Khomo lobisika, Zitseko zosindikizidwa, ndipo chigwa chotsitsimutsa chidathandiza, Koma sizinali zokwanira ku chitetezo chomwe chimafunikira kwa zaka masauzande ambiri.
• Nthawi Yokondedwa (Nthawi zonse ndimanena izi kwa makasitomala anga!). Zaka mazana angapo, Kutaya kwa chinsinsi. Rock shifts. Mabala andale amabwera ndikupita. Kulimbikitsidwa kumakhazikika pamene chuma chimakhudzidwa.
• Chitetezo chochepa kwambiri pakuya. Kutsekera miyala ndi makonde abodza omangika osayimitsa koma sanasiye kuba kapena kufikitsa. Chitetezo chachikulu chinali chitetezo mwa kulakwitsa ndipo palibe zowonjezera zowonjezera.
• Chiwopsezo chokhazikika, Chakumapeto kwa Ufumu, kuchuluka, ndi chakudya chochedwa (Chingwe ku Deir El-Medina) Kuchuluka kwa kuba ndi ziphuphu. Zolemba zoyeserera zimatchula miyala, Smiths, Apolisi a Necropolis, ndi ansembe otsika otsika omwe akukhudzidwa ndi achifwamba.
• Mfundo Zosalephera ndi anthu odalirika. Chidziwitso chochuluka komanso chopezeka chimakhala chaching'ono, Atsogoleri odalirika. Kamodzi teleccy yalephera pamenepo, Dongosolo lonse lalephera.
• Palibe Kuwunika Kopitilira kapena Kuyankha Kwadzidzidzi anali m'malo (Zovuta kwambiri kuziyika m'malo mwa zaka masauzande ambiri ndi zina zambiri!). Njosa zopaka utoto ndi oyang'anira Mulungu anali ophiphiritsa, osati zowongolera zenizeni. (Iwo anali ndi ambiri a iwo pamakoma ndi mabokosi ozungulira!) Panali zisindikizo, Koma kunalibe kuwunikira kokhazikika, kuyang'anira, kapena kuyankha koyenera kwa nthawi yayitali.

Zolakwika zodziwika bwino ndi mafarao

• Zowongolera sizinafanane ndi mtengo wa katundu. Mukayika ma kilogalamu agolide agolide ndi mfumu, mumayitanitsa kwambiri, Kuukira kosalekeza. Chitetezo sichinafanane ndi mtengo wapamwamba.
• Kudalira chinsinsi. Chochititsa chidwi chinathandiza poyamba, Koma panali zolamulidwa zochepa pambuyo pa chinsinsi zidapita.
• Palibe mwayi wocheperako! Ogwira ntchito ambiri ku deir el-medina adadziwa bwino mapulani, mapu, ndi mapangidwe. Izi zidathandizira kuti Fleberberi.
  Kufalikira Kwa Kufalikira. Madyerero Apadera Sanapezeke M'makono. Magulu omwewo omwe amamanga manda amadziwa momwe angawonongere.

Kodi akanatha bwanji kusintha

• Kuchepetsa mphamvu (Amayi amamasewera: Kupambana = Cholinga + njira + mwayi): Sayenera kuyika golide wambiri ndi thupi. Sungani Thupi Kuti Ifei, koma chotsani zolinga zazikulu.
• Ngati chuma chiyenera kuyikidwa m'manda, pangani Kuchokera mumuyi wodziyimira pawokha, Zipinda zosasinthika, kutali ndi manda akulu, ndi mitundu yotsutsa (Zinyalala, Zigawo zolimba mabedi, Dectoy shafts).
• Onjezani chitetezo pakuya: Zisindikizo zingapo zosindikizidwa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zosindikizira ndi zotchinga zamiyala.
• Zigawo zotsutsa zakuthupi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale phokoso, dzipachikeni, ndi osachedwa.
• Enfortery ochepa amadziwa: Zambiri zopangidwa kotero kuti palibe gulu limodzi lomwe limadziwa. Kuzungulira ma crews, Ntchito Zapadera, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito zofuna kudziwa malo omaliza.
• Sungani Chipinda Chomaliza Chamber kwa ochepa kwambiri, Gulu lodalirika kwambiri, Kenako chotsani kapena kusamutsa.
• Chinyengo: Zipinda zingapo za Groy ndi katundu wotsutsa, kuyikidwa m'mawa kwambiri. Zithunzi zonama zoti zipangire zolakwika.